Oh boy, lemme tell you: water management is one of those things that's More Difficult Than It Seems.

I'm going to recommend Cadillac Desert, which is by far the most entertaining and readable book on water. It goes into the history of water in the western US, a dry region that's very dependent on the Colorado River. The American West isn't a poor, war-torn area, and a LOT of money has been spent on various projects - but water is still a serious issue.

Things like "big pipelines to move water around" have been tried, but they're enormously expensive, and they don't really put as much of a dent in the problem as you'd imagine. Dams can store some excess water, but they cause problems of their own (which is why we don't build as many, and are getting rid of dams we don't need), and they're a bandaid at best. There's not a good solution to "how do we move a TON of water around", at least not now.

What are your credentials on this topic? You speak with a lot of certainty, but fail to acknowledge any nuance that would complicate you world view, such that a lot of water shortages happen also in developed and peaceful regions (as it mentioned in the article). The people without much water are not only in very poor places and warzones, unless you are specifically referring to the people dying due to lack of water.

How would your proposed solution of "the oceans are full of water, just desalinate" affect affordability in agriculture and industry? I assume it would require vast investments in infrastructure that has not been built and is not even planned to be built, what would be required for such an infrastructure to be put in place and what challenges need to be overcome? Are there ecological concerns with the required scale of the operation (such as massive brine runoff at the coast)?

In short, you say "I can assure you there is plenty of water", but is that assurance coming from actual knowledge in the area at hand, or is it misplaced confidence due to dodging any inherent complexity before reaching your conclusion?

It's not just pipes.

Filtering (from bacteria, pollution, ...) is another issue, and it also affects floods (floods are not periodic, so you have to store water, but storing water for a long term is not always safe).

Even desalination costs are not trivial in all countries.

Let's say 1 kWh = 50 gallons. UN estimates talk about at least 50 gallons/day per person.

According to Wikipedia [1], the 2023 average electricity consumption in Burkina Faso was 0.14 MWh (=140 kWh) a year per person.

Then there's gravity. If your main source of water comes from the sea, you have to pull water from a lower altitude to a higher altitude, which means you are going against gravity, which means you need pumps. Other energy is required.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electrici...

A very efficient way to preserve large amounts of potable water for longer periods has traditionally been: glaciers in mountains. Climate change doesn't make water disappear but amplifies shortages as well as surplus. In many (previously) habitable parts of the world that change drives the price of water (and food mitigation) significant enough to render those areas uninhabitable. For example in Syria, Afghanistan and Iran this is a cause of poverty and conflict.

> for just 5kWh we can desalinate 250 gallons … pipes are relatively cheap

I live 1500km from the ocean at 1500m altitude with 3 million other people in a place that’s neither poor nor a war zone.

Ignoring the cost of pipes for a minute (which is probably not small), googling the energy required to get 250 gallons (or about 1 cubic meter) of water from there to here, I get at least 140kWh [1], assuming a straight shot and no ups and downs along the way.

If that cubic meter is distributed to 5 households per day (so ~30kWh / household), which is less water than the average household uses [2] but might be reasonable for drinking water needs, we’d still probably be doubling the energy requirement for the entire region from ~30kWh per household [3] to ~60kWh. And the current ~30kWh usage is somewhat elastic and reducible, where the energy to pump water is not.

[1] (my calculation: large pipeline, 112MJ * 3<altitude> * 1.5<distance> ~= 140kWh) https://www.quora.com/How-much-energy-would-it-cost-to-pump-...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_water_use_in_the_U...

[3] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricit...

I don't think UN is sounding the alarm of the planet running out of water all of a sudden, even they understand we have huge oceans that aren't going anywhere.

The report itself (https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:10445/Global_Water_Ban...) does actually talk about a lot of the background, why's and how we can start addressing it, in a very fleshed out form + an executive summary at page 13.

A core piece of wisdom in chemical engineering is that anything is possible with sufficient energy. Fresh water being available in any particular part of the globe is the kind of classic thermal (read: energy) and mass transport problem that chemical engineering is all about.

Increasing energy production buys a lot of optionality when solving these kinds of physical world problems. It allows you to solve problems by throwing energy at them. It may not always be the most theoretically efficient solution, like throwing hardware at software performance problems, but it may be the only practical solution.

For this reason, it makes sense to build as much power generation capacity as possible even it isn't entirely clear what it will be used for. The inability of the developed world to massively scale power generation is the true environmental failure but people don't grok second-order effects.

If you have references for these I would appreciate what you can find.

In general I believe abundance of resources exist in modern society and that there is less and less consideration for the lives of others, not in the "generational trauma" sense, but in the real basics of food, water and shelter.

A lot of people point to hard problems such as the "food miles problem"[1] but are, in many cases, conflicts that drive scarcity for one purpose or another.

[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_miles

There are also impediments to the economically rational allocation of water. Look at California for a prime example of this.

It's as if they choose the word bankruptcy for a reason.

The problem is that while there is a lot of water available, more than our needs, we do not use water efficiently. In particular, food production is horribly wasteful with water. Even small farms will dump 100s of gallons of water per minute (yes minute) onto the ground to ultimately be washed away or evaporated.

What that means is that the piping to get enough water everywhere is enormous. The global usage was 2 quadrillion gallons of water. [1]

There are ways to use water much much more efficiently, but they are expensive to implement. Hydroponics can grow a lot of food, but it requires a lot of power and infrastructure to get setup.

[1] https://www.htt.io/learning-center/water-usage-in-the-agricu...

It's fun that desalination is always the first thing to pop up as an answer to that, and never water usage reduction

Saudi Arabia has an incredible water piping system because they are rich. The poor cannot do that.

I assured you that water usage can be mismanaged even with plenty of pipes and water infrastructure.

Same with food. Plenty of food, just not where its needed.

> But it turns out the people without much water tend to be in very poor places

Hmm... I wonder why those places are poor.

> But pipes are relatively cheap - if humanity cared enough, we could build pipes to distribute the plentiful water everywhere.

Once you start moving water uphill, it becomes vastly more expensive. It takes a lot of power to move water uphill.

Sorry but you have not done the math on the energy costs too pump water from the ocean.

Why on earth is this the top post?

In other words: a crisis.

Yes 250 gallons can save a lot of people from dying of thirst but have you considered that with that same 5kwh we can also produce 1 tiktok ai slop video of the queen boxing with mike tyson?

Salt is engineers' kryotonite.

Anything is true if you define the terms contrary to their meaning.

Our least tasty crop!

The idea that data centers are huge water hogs is nonsense.

The water used by data centers are either closed loop, meaning that they recirculate a set amount of water.. or the water evaporates, and my understandingis they don't use potable water for those systems. I might be wrong, but I don't think data centers aren't destroying potable water.

Microsoft is piloting new zero water cooled datacenters in some locations https://www.axios.com/local/des-moines/2026/01/16/microsoft-...?

Hopefully this can be the new standard.

yes, yes, AI bad.

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dy-x!,w_1272,c_limit...

In a large city in southern India, our house would get water supplied one day of the week during summers. Our small one bedroom flat had barrels of water drums stored inside the house. We even had one in the bedroom.

I was 14 and I would go down to the street to fetch ground water and fill those barrels up. This was in 2014.

The reality is usually less dramatic than "water completely gone" but more chronically exhausting.

For a sub-Saharan family, "severe water scarcity" often means:

Daily life shifts

Wells and water points yield less or run dry. Wait times at functioning sources grow from minutes to hours. Walking distances to water double or triple. Water quality drops as everyone crowds the remaining sources.

Who carries the burden Mostly women and girls. During dry season, water collection can expand from one hour daily to four to six hours. Girls miss school, women lose time for farming or income generation.

Practical consequences

Washing, cooking, hygiene get rationed. Livestock often gets priority because it's the livelihood. Latrine hygiene suffers, raising disease risk. Conflicts at water points increase.

What "one month per year" obscures

The statistic sounds manageable, but that month typically falls during dry season when harvests also fail and food gets scarce. The effects compound.

Water rarely just "cuts off" - it's more of a grinding struggle over a shrinking resource, where the poorest have to walk furthest.

Edit: Formatting

imagine a camping trip or a long hike and you didn't bring even remotely enough water; your shoes are extremely uncomfortable and your clothes are all soaked and dirty and you are constantly itching; heat, stress, kids, sickness, waiting lines, the crowds, noise, air pollution ...

but these people are not on a hike, and they didn't get their full set of nutrients, "ever" and they don't have the safety of "just a couple more hours".

you are constantly on edge. you are tired. there's work to be done. distances to be walked. through the dust and dirt and smog. children to be fed and old people that depend on your care. and you do get horny, and you fuck and you have to wash before and after ... with ... well, not really clean water ...

and did I mention the smell?

now that doesn't apply to all the four billion, of course but you should get the picture.

I know poverty, and some of the itchiness that comes with it but I don't know "severe water scarcity" ... even in townships in SA they'll tell you it's enough and they'll "hit you" if you waste any.

Probably something like having water for a few hours a day.

I don't know about the rest of the world, but here in Quebec, Canada, we had a very dry summer in 2025 and some farmers had to bring literal truckloads of water to their farm for their animals to stay alive. I remember that they were saying to the press that the cost it incurred made them lose a lot of money, making these animals net negative for them, budget wise.

This year was an exception, I'm guessing it's going to become the norm. So, much higher food prices.

Probably seasonal?