Older Adults Outnumber Children in 11 States

62 pointsposted 15 hours ago
by geox

91 Comments

nsoonhui

11 hours ago

I feel that demographic collapse is the single biggest crisis facing the developed world now. In this regard US is actually doing better than East Asia countries and Europe, but still, the trend is unmistakable -- modern, affluent states are commiting voluntarily suicide because their citizens are not too willing in giving birth.

All the climate change problems, wars, pandemics and natural disasters won't devastate human simply because we been through all those and we recovered. But demographic collapse because of high living standard? It's uncharted territory here and I am really, really worry.

Arainach

11 hours ago

> modern, affluent states are commiting voluntarily suicide because their citizens are not too willing in giving birth

Phrase things with the blame assigned accordingly. Your phrasing blames people for not becoming parents. A more accurate phrasing is '....because their wealthy elites are so greedy they make having children unaffordable'

"Demographic collapse" is because people can't afford rent, can't afford food, can't afford healthcare - childbirth is ABSURDLY expensive in the US, can't afford childcare, and so many other things.

Why is that? Because of greed. More and more of everything is swallowed up by private equity and corporate management who have no empathy, no flexibility, only a demand for eternal growth. The human piece is irrelevant and actively undesirable. Far simpler to just pay for some GPUs and write articles blaming ordinary people for having no more options.

C6JEsQeQa5fCjE

an hour ago

Scandinavian countries are commonly listed as a counter-example to what you say. Those countries have strong social safety nets for everyone, and their citizens' basic needs are covered. Child care costs are not an issue for them. Yet, their fertility rates are also too low.

Thus, to the extent that costs and money play a role, it does not seem to be a decisive one. There is something else going on.

Glawen

8 hours ago

Then why more affluent younger people have no plan to have kids? The under 35 who have a partner at my work are just planning their next trip. They don't want to hear anything about kids and their constraints.

They will give you reasons like over population, environnemental collapse etc... I think they are very self centered and don't want to make sacrifices

Arainach

7 hours ago

Costs are out of control. I know families where both parents were big tech SWEs and one quit their job because losing that huge salary was about the same cost as childcare.

oompydoompy74

2 hours ago

Exactly. How do we expect parents with multiple lower income jobs to manage this at all. We don’t have universal childcare and Reaganites fucked us with the nuclear family bullshit.

Arainach

7 hours ago

> think they are very self centered and don't want to make sacrifices

How dare they not want to spend decades doing something they don't want at enormous personal and financial cost just to keep your favorite economic pyramid scheme running. So selfish.

Here's an idea: if you want kids so much, pay for them. Provide universal healthcare, childcare, education. Provide food stamps for everyone under 18. Put your money where your mouth is.

Eddy_Viscosity2

3 hours ago

If those people expect to continue to live on after they retire, then all the products and services they rely on in that stage of life will be performed by the children of their peers, the ones who had them at enormous personal and financial cost. They are externalizing the costs of there being people to make the economy work in their old age to others so they can take more trips. In fairness, if you don't have kids you should have to pay higher taxes (enormously higher in fact to get close to making up the difference). Those taxes get re-directed to childcare for those that need it. Fair?

Esophagus4

3 hours ago

> if you don't have kids you should have to pay higher taxes

We do actually have this today in the US through policies like the earned income tax credit, child/dependent care tax credit, and child tax credit, which primarily reduce taxes for people with children (and therefore put a relatively higher tax burden on childless people).

sigwinch

9 minutes ago

There’s also a large tax credit for adoption costs. I wonder if GP comment would result in more births, or something like H1B arrangements for personal tax reasons.

oompydoompy74

2 hours ago

As a US citizen, why on earth would I bring a new innocent child into this modern capitalist christian nationalist hellscape? We just had to have a judge force the government to fund food stamps for another month for fucks sake. I would be more likely to adopt because the child already exists and needs love and care.

sigwinch

18 minutes ago

We adopted. So many things today are in opposition to Christ’s teachings. The politicization of helping the poor. The individual reaction to problems by wanting so much wealth that those problems don’t apply to me.

Adoption is costly but for now there’s a tax credit. And I suspect every company would like to have the kind of employee who adopts. Some will pay large proportions of the cost, but not the median employer.

zeroonetwothree

10 hours ago

US real household income is probably 3x higher than during the baby boom. How could they have afford to have had kids back then? Moreover, people have always been greedy. Yet birth rates have only started dropping more recently.

I would surmise it’s the opposite cause, people are wealthier now and so kids are less desirable because the opportunity cost is higher.

Arainach

9 hours ago

>How could they have afford to have had kids back then?

Most families had only one person working, and one available for childcare. Housing was dramatically cheaper. So was a university education. So was food.

And no - unregulated capitalistic greed has dramatically accelerated in the last few decades. It hasn't always been this way. Corporations are buying up everything so they can extract rent and using algorithms and regulatory control to extract every possible dime. Where before you might rent a small home from a landlord who would understand if you were laid off and had to skip a month or two (and who might not raise rents every year) now you have an apartment owned by equity using software to talk to all the other landlords and fix prices as high as possible who will file eviction if you're a minute late.

sigwinch

28 minutes ago

Only in the middle classes does opportunity cost come in. Today, the wealthiest and the poorest have beyond-replacement fertility. Race becomes a factor in America, but the only group of women with higher fertility in the middle class are foreign-born.

txrx0000

3 hours ago

> Phrase things with the blame assigned accordingly. Your phrasing blames people for not becoming parents. A more accurate phrasing is '....because their wealthy elites are so greedy they make having children unaffordable'

OP has identified the problem more accurately than you have, though.

AI is a symptom, not a cause. We have to fill the labor gap with immigrants and AI because people are having fewer children.

Do you think modern institutions are less efficient at suppressing human greed than medieval ones? Obviously they are more efficient.

The problem you mention is not the wealthy elite, but rather the unproductive parasites, rich and poor. And this is a somewhat separate problem from the birth rate collapse. Indeed, it doesn't help the birth rate, but it's also not the main reason people aren't having children. The main reason is people wanting to have sex without having children, and we've given everyone the ability to do so with the birth control pill.

dariosalvi78

7 hours ago

That's part of the problem, but the trend is universal, so it's not only that. I think that reduction of human population is good, but we need to rethink our economic models entirely, which nobody is doing, at least not seriously enough

agsqwe

11 hours ago

Then countries with even more greedy elites would have even lower rates, which is not the case.

A few examples of fertility rates (higher is better, 2023 data):

  Sweden: 1.45
  US: 1.62
  Kenya: 3.21

aaomidi

11 hours ago

You’re not making the point you think you’re making

TFYS

8 hours ago

Natural selection will fix this in no time, as the genes and cultures that lead to people not making kids die off. Widespread availability of contraceptives and abortion is recent enough that we just haven't had the time to adapt yet. The desire to have sex has been enough to keep birth rate high for most of human history. Now evolution is strongly selecting for cultures and genes that lead to more kids even in the presence of birth control. In a few of generations we'll start seeing birth rates recover.

nsoonhui

8 hours ago

I am not sure will all culture remain immune to the "curse" of modern comfortable lives that lead to low birthrates. This remains unproven.

And based on current trend it seems that it's the most religious group ( Islamists, Orthodox Jews) who props up the birthrates. But they are also economically most unproductive and most anti-science ones, so I really unsure where this will lead us.

dariosalvi78

7 hours ago

Except religious fanatics, the trend is universal and driven by other factors than abortion or contraception

TFYS

5 hours ago

The trend is universal because birth control is becoming universal. The only places that still have high birth rates are places where birth control isn't easily available (and religious cultures). It could be driven by other factors as well, but I'm betting it's mostly just birth control. We don't have a very strong innate desire to have kids, it is the desire for sex that human reproduction has mostly relied on. We're only a couple of generations into birth control, so we're only now starting to feel the effect.

sigwinch

37 minutes ago

I think you’d lose that bet. Women die in childbirth regularly. And it’s not birth control but our stratospheric advances against infant mortality that most strongly influence population dynamics.

txrx0000

4 hours ago

It's a problem we chose to create for ourselves by inventing and socially normalizing 99% effective birth control. We've given ourselves the freedom to make the choice to have children consciously, but not without consequences, some of which have already caught up to us.

In the past, natural selection had no reason to distinguish between the drive to have sex and the drive to have children because they have the same effect. If we abruptly take away the former as a reliable enough mechanism to propagate the species, we should expect much fewer children. And that is exactly what happened when the pill was introduced a few decades ago: it cut the birth rate in half in developed countries almost instantly.

If we wanted to ameliorate the demographic issues caused by this, we just have to restrict the supply and availability of birth control pills and similar surefire methods like IUDs, just enough such that the birth rate is pegged at 2.1 children per woman.

But this is difficult to achieve in democratic societies because the people that want sex without reproduction make up a significant portion of the population. But we have to fill the labor gap somehow. The solutions we've come up with are mass immigration, and soon, AI. Of course, these solutions create new problems that we'll have to deal with later, but such is life.

Balgair

an hour ago

One of the 'fun' areas on the net to hang out on is the 'baby-o-sphere' here where everyone is fretting about these demographic collapses. 'Fun' in the way the old net was, as everyone in this area would never talk with each other otherwise.

You get hardcore communists, evangelical christians, muslim scholars, boring census interpreters, etc. It's a whole lot of people out on the fringes of some bell curve that are all worried about this one little thing. I imagine climate change people were like this in the early days. It's a bit heartening as people who normally are enemies ideologically will share tips and news of studies. A little preview of a better future. And so a nicer place to hang out than the regular doomer internet.

Thing is with the 'baby-o-sphere', it's a lot like the plot of TNG's The Chase ( https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_Chase_(episode)), in that, you know once the little key or recipe that is discovered that will reliably change birthrates, then everyone is going to scatter and start hating each other again. C'est la vie.

tsoukase

6 hours ago

Demographic is an unsolvable problem. Since the last 30 years every effort of countries has failed. From Denmark's sexy ads to the "Flirting" Ministry of Singapore, only superficial results in the correct direction. It seems that behind every social factor, a depressed basic animal reproductive instinct is the common mechanism.

thijson

14 hours ago

A lot of country's population pyramid doesn't look like a pyramid. It's more like a rhombus.

https://www.populationpyramid.net/world/2024/

I noticed some middle eastern countries have a very skewed male female ratio among people born roughly 30 years ago.

whatsupdog

12 hours ago

The ME countries you are talking about are UAE, Qatar etc. where a lot of labourers are brought in from South Asian countries for construction etc. That's why you see so many 20-40 males.

bentcorner

13 hours ago

Interestingly enough if you change the filter to "US" and rewind the data to 1950 (it looks like that's how far this graph goes), if you advance up by 5 years you can see the "bulge" of baby boomers age up into retirement where they are right now.

zeroonetwothree

10 hours ago

Very nice. There’s also a second bulge starting around 1990.

Izkata

2 hours ago

Could be the children of baby boomers, except it seems like it's about a decade late?

piperswe

11 hours ago

Not super surprising given the baby boom that many of those older adults were born during - it was an anomalous spike in birth rates after all.

elzbardico

11 hours ago

Things are far worse in China. That's the only reason I am bullish in the US as world's top dog for the foreseable future.

SlightlyLeftPad

11 hours ago

I wouldn’t believe any estimates you see from China first of all. China also has a unique history and the ability to turn things around very quickly. That said, what’s the point of comparing other than to confirm your own belief that this is the single most important aspect of a thriving country?

elzbardico

11 hours ago

Yeah, but the US have this perennial luck too. I am generation X, I was raised first with the idea that japan would overcome the US, then it was the EU. and yet, the US always reinvented itself/got lucky/played dirty.

Empires are fucking resilient creations. The news of US hegemony demise are vastly exagerated.

bayarearefugee

12 hours ago

Nobody can afford anything.

It makes no sense to have kids when you can't afford your own existence.

Tax the fucking rich.

raspasov

11 hours ago

Some of the highest birth rates are in relatively quite poor countries. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/birth-rat...

bayarearefugee

10 hours ago

We still have (for now, though even this is under threat) good access to contraception, good sexual education, relatively low child mortality rates, etc here in the US.

Comparing the affordability crisis for the middle class in the US to that of historically poor developing countries as it relates to birth rates is not a very good argument.

It might be somewhat comparable a decade or so from now if we keep letting wealth inequality run away at current rates, but it isn't right now.

thefz

9 hours ago

Quite poor countries can plop out an infant and literally do not worry of him ever again. So much for buying him stuff, education, care...

zeroonetwothree

10 hours ago

How did people afford existence in 1950 when they made 3x less?

bayarearefugee

9 hours ago

> How did people afford existence in 1950 when they made 3x less?

Is this a serious question?

The average price of a home in 1950 was like $7,500 - $10,000.

The average price of a home in 2025 is like $410,000 - $530,000

Of all the (generally) rising numbers that factor into the US economy, wages is one of the major things that has risen the least since the 1950s, and especially so since 1980.

SailingCactus33

11 hours ago

[flagged]

magicstefanos

11 hours ago

Do people really talk like this?

raspasov

11 hours ago

“Talk”, no, but a scary number very much think like this. It’s an easy pseudo-intellectual high ground to take.

SailingCactus33

10 hours ago

It's a biological and societal reality. While we may end up solving the immediate demographic crisis through technology (e.g. Optimus for the elderly), the future of humanity depends on raising children. Not taxing the rich, personal convenience, or trivializing my stated position as one that is "easy" to have.

txrx0000

an hour ago

Of all the public online communities, you'd think HN would be capable of calling it the way it is. But I'm afraid it's been overrun by brainwashed ideologues as I've seen many times the truth being downvoted into oblivion during my short time here. Maybe we should do an experiment and make an account that only posts Paul Graham's positions and see how often it gets downvoted. I suspect the culture has shifted quite a lot since HN's founding and a decent chunk on the margin no longer cares about what's true over what's acceptable.

jmclnx

13 hours ago

> Delaware, Hawaii, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Maine, Vermont, and Florida

West Virginia is a surprise to me, I can only guess that is because of young people moving out. Same could probably be said for Rhode Island, Maine and Vermont.

Spooky23

13 hours ago

This isn’t a surprise — it’s been projected since the 80s at least. K-12 is in a trough for the next decade.

ocschwar

12 hours ago

Young people moving out, and those who stay are not inclined to bear children.

hrimfaxi

12 hours ago

Never in my life have I ever seen more notices warning about the dangers of fetal alcohol syndrome than during my brief stay in West Virginia.

amriksohata

5 hours ago

I never got the argument that its too expensive so we can't have kids. Look at the most impoverished countries - they have much less money but have more kids and often strong senses of purpose and community.

All of it is societys perception, how we are being bought up as men and women, our actual purpose, and greed that has killed the desire for children.

sigwinch

40 minutes ago

On the other end, the wealthiest have high fertility as well. What have the middle classes concluded about their prospects with and without children?

thefz

9 hours ago

There's going to be an inflection point with more elderly than young population, then all the old folks are going to die, so what? All the fear mongering about societal collapse and the inevitable doom are just populist arguments because the underlying fear is to be replaced by young immigrants from poor countries.

anal_reactor

5 hours ago

To me, it all seems very simple, and I don't understand if my opinion is profoundly stupid or everyone else is blind.

1. For the first time in human history, it's a viable thing to live alone. Not only that, but actually living alone is easier than living with a spouse. If you want to be married you have to put a lot of effort into dealing with the other person. If you're single, nothing stops you from just eating frozen pizza and playing video games all you want. 100 years ago most people were farmers, and good luck trying to farm land alone, especially as a woman. Once the economic survival necessity to marry disappeared, the naked truth was exposed - people just don't like each other. We'd rather sit alone.

2. When people were finally taught "if you put penis into vagina without latex, a child will pop out, and you will need to keep feeding it for next twenty years", the reaction was "fuck that" because honestly, parenthood is just a bad deal. Nature got around this problem by equipping us with sex drive and for most animals that works because most animals don't make the mental connection between sex and pregnancy, but modern people do make the connection, which breaks the system.

3. Demographic collapse is actually not a problem. Humanity will not die out. It's just a giant evolutionary bottleneck, like many in history. Will the society collapse? Maybe. Not the first and not the last time.

4. Even if the society collapses, a better one will emerge. Black Death killed half of Europe's population, and some historians say that this contributed to Renaissanace, which was a major postive turning point. Labor shortages led to much better position of common workers, and the last time I checked, common workers bitched about being exploited.

Balgair

an hour ago

> 4. Even if the society collapses, a better one will emerge. Black Death killed half of Europe's population, and some historians say that this contributed to Renaissanace, which was a major postive turning point. Labor shortages led to much better position of common workers, and the last time I checked, common workers bitched about being exploited.

Nit-Pick:

The Renaissance is more of the exception that proves the rule than anything. If you look at other plagues history they typically don't result in any large scale changes in society, just misery usually. Unfortunately (?) the data is a bit sparse here, as large scale deaths like this are a bit rare in history, so there really aren't that many plagues to study. But, I think my point still stands, the Renaissance was an outlier, not an expected result.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_epidemics_and_pandemic...

BenFranklin100

13 hours ago

High housing costs is a key factor.

https://www.npr.org/2025/10/31/nx-s1-5551108/housing-costs-b...

The Boomer generation has perpetuated and intensified restrictive zoning. The lack of new homes where well-payong jobs are located has caused housing prices to soar.

The Boomer generation has also led the de-growth movement. I guess they are going to get their way by making it too expensive for their grandkids to have children and cause the population to plummet.

elzbardico

11 hours ago

I was born in a Third World country where people sometimes didn't have money to buy food, and yet they reproduced like rabbits. And this is over from what people tell me.

It is cultural. Having kids is low status in the modern world. And it fucking makes a lot of sense. I only like kids because I have kids, my wife wanted to have kids, and I was kind of forced into it. Now, I love having kids, but because I already have them.

beeflet

11 hours ago

women have lower standards in the third world

elzbardico

11 hours ago

Depends on what you call the third world. Eastern europe? Brasil? Argentina? Nigeria? it is not the same as Peru, Benin or Ethiopia.

beeflet

11 hours ago

Honestly, "third world" is a bad word. It comes from the cold war. A lot of countries we refer to as "third world" are really "second world" in this distinction.

I would say you have high birthrates despite low material growth in patriarchal countries, where men have more leverage over women. Whereas in countries struggling with birthrates, women have higher standards. For example, home ownership is a bottleneck. In the USA the supply of homes is artificially constrained by the older property-owning class to boost the value of their investment (but really it will result in a crash due to resulting population changes). In china, you have different shenanigans in the construction industry.

"Third world" immigrant groups have lower standards at first, but after they reach a certain material status in a "first world" country, they have the same birthrate trend as their native peers.

elzbardico

10 hours ago

Don't know. By government numbers, china has incredible home ownership numbers. And China is kind of patriarchal, for example, man having affairs is seen as a status marker and more or less socially accepted.

Aurornis

12 hours ago

You cited an article about people in 2025 talking about whether or not they might have kids in the future.

This census investigation is talking about people under the age of 18, meaning it includes people who were conceived almost two decades ago.

Several states on the list also have significantly above average housing affordability (home price to income ratios) like West Virginia or Pennsylvania.

derektank

12 hours ago

I don't understand why the Baby Boomers are the ones that get blamed for restrictive zoning. The oldest were in their early 30s and the youngest couldn't even vote during the peak of single family zoning activity in the 1970s

SoftTalker

12 hours ago

They voted to perpetuate it since then in the face of many proposals for more relaxed rules.

CSSer

12 hours ago

Being responsible for the peak of something and having the power to undo it but choosing to do nothing produce the same result.

pfannkuchen

11 hours ago

So I guess it’s the desegregation advocates who are technically at fault? Like that’s when people started using sneaky tricks to maintain segregation. At least before that it was above board and didn’t distort all these other basically unrelated areas (like zoning, and school district “preferences”, etc).

lazyasciiart

12 hours ago

Because they’re the ones who’ve been fighting to keep it. I don’t give a shit what happened in the 70s before I was born. I’ve been watching boomers fight for low density zoning since the 90s.

jgalt212

13 hours ago

The greatest generation may have been good at ridding the world of fascism, but not so good at raising responsible and civic-minded adults.

carabiner

12 hours ago

"If one has no stake in the capitalist system, then one may well turn against it."

more_corn

12 hours ago

Bringing a child into this world would be utter madness.

derektank

12 hours ago

More crazy than the Cold War? The World Wars? The great flu pandemic? The Chinese Civil Wars? The European Wars of Religion? The Black Death? The Mongol Invasions?

I can't think of a single year in human history when the world wasn't crazy (maybe with the exception of a couple years in the late 1990s)

spiderice

11 hours ago

Every ancestor of yours since single cell organisms has reproduced. If they could all do it, you can to. Especially given that you live a more cushy life than 99.9999% of them.

sQL_inject

12 hours ago

To not be would be utter madness. For those who can and opt not to, they are perpetuating the tragedy of the commons.

We face the largest demographic crisis ever and we're passing the problem onto the young while draining them via taxation, whislt demanding ever increasing benefits in an all out land grab.

In 1950 the ratio of those paying into the system versus withdrawing was 15:1, were now at 2:1.

generativenoise

12 hours ago

The problem is the draining by taxation, not the absolute number of productive people.

It is far from evident what size of real productive population is needed to sustain a society. With modern tools it does feel like it could be in the realm of sub 10% of the population. This will get even more wild if the techno-optimists are correct.

Depending on how close we are to biophysical bounds trying to increase the population to the historically required productive ratios is just going to make living conditions worse for the average person.

deadbolt

12 hours ago

Alright, so why are so many adults not having children, and what do you think should be done to address it?

I have my own ideas, but I'd love to hear your opinion.

roenxi

12 hours ago

There seems to be a fairly strong correlation between wealth and childlessness, so the obvious guess is that the world is getting wealthier. Exactly why that stops people having kids is a bit unclear to me though. Maybe being a parent is one of those things that is a harder sacrifice to make the more alternative comforts have to be given up.

logicchains

12 hours ago

Economics has a simple answer: public pensions are a classic tragedy of the commons. If the pension system didn't exist, then people would be incentivised to have more children to support them in old age, instead of a free rider problem where everyone relies on everyone else having children.

lazyasciiart

12 hours ago

The demographic crisis of refusing to allow young people and families into the country? You want people to have kids so that we can keep America white?

pfannkuchen

11 hours ago

America has a more liberal immigration policy than practically anywhere else on the planet, as evidenced by the massive change in demographics over a mere half century. You would like it to go faster?

Please go advocate for the Chinese to take immigrants from everywhere on earth at the same time, which they currently do not at all. Or do you not care about that for some reason?

lazyasciiart

8 hours ago

The topic was “Americans must have babies because we need more young people”. There are plenty of young people who would move here but aren’t allowed in - would you like to disagree with that? Or address it in any way whatsoever?

pfannkuchen

8 hours ago

Do you think there is any chance that the characteristics of human territories are determined in significant part by the natural tendencies of their inhabitants?

Do you think there is any chance that there is a diverse set of natural tendencies among humans, clustered by what sort of environmental filters those humans passed through? For example, surviving “trying to kill you” winter every year for thousands of years in a row with survivor man tier technology, where planning and tool design/making are critical, vs not?

I’m literally asking if you think there’s no chance, and if so, how do you know that? Was it scientifically proven? I’ve looked long and hard for that, and gosh I just couldn’t find where that ever happened.

If there is a chance, though, then we are gambling at (further) becoming Brazil in order to save the comfort of one single generation of old people. Yeah I think I’ll pass on that, thanks.

As for alternate solutions. We could allocate available resources based on how many descendants the old person produced. Why should we tolerate free riders and make the young produced by others pay for them? Let them be in old people dorms. Let them have insufficient medical care. It isn’t worth risking the quality of the country over, obviously. And if we use the scheme I mentioned, then they aren’t anybody’s grandparents, anyway. Who will fight for them?

The values you hold, the ones you are defending right now, are western values. Your type seems so sure that the newcomers can be brainwashed to think like we do. Good luck with that! Egalitarianism is not the norm historically or globally. It certainly isn’t the human default.

whatsupdog

12 hours ago

90% of those crossing the border illegally are men. Watch any video on YouTube documenting illegal crossings and you'll see

lazyasciiart

8 hours ago

Does that have something to do with what I said?

whatsupdog

7 hours ago

How does letting in millions of only men cause a sustainable population growth?

beeflet

11 hours ago

Why not? It's not like every country in the world can rely on immigration and brain drain. Don't you think it is alarming that the country can't produce enough people to maintain a stable-state population and instead has to rely on a parasitic strategy?

lazyasciiart

8 hours ago

Not intrinsically alarming, no. If I thought the country should be self-sufficient in isolation then there are many weak points I’d prioritize before birth rate.