londons_explore
5 days ago
I want these things to implement peer to peer caching, so that when 10 people are watching the same video, only one downloads from youtubes own servers.
Then it's just a matter of letting people add their own videos directly to the service and it can become fully independent of YouTube.
t2r3121
5 days ago
Peer to peer died because (1) a lot of the world, especially outside the US, has terrible upload/bandwidth, (2) HTTPS CDNs got _really_ cheap, far cheaper that p2p technologies like BitTorrent+WebSeed.
There are a minority of users who care about being able to host videos that violate YouTube/TikTok/Instagram policies. Unfortunately, a significant part of that minority is working with infringing or illegal content, which both prevents ad networks from working with you and attracts attention from law enforcement.
serbuvlad
5 days ago
It's much more of a storage space problem and a device running 24/7 problem. With the desktop of yore you can just leave them running and attach cheap HDDs to them for media storage. Nowadays, most people have laptops -- which are explicitly closed for most of the time -- and phones -- which doing 24/7 upload on will kill your battery life. And neither support 3.5" HDDs.
BitTorrent is certainly built around the idea that upload can be slow. Even if user have upload 100x worse than download, 100 seeders can saturate a leacher, and then the leacher becomes a seeder.
The problem is just that he doesn't stay a seeder forever, because of the other problems.
londons_explore
4 days ago
Phones are charging ~8 hours a day whilst you sleep though. And few people mind the phone seeding stuff on your home WiFi whilst charging. Many users could also spare 32gbytes for seed data too, especially if the app was smart and automatically reduced the store size before the phone started to notify you of low storage space.
If a typical user uses preertube 30 mins a day, that still gives a 16 to 1 ratio between seeding and leeching, and a 1024 to 1 data storage to data viewed ratio, meaning there is a good opportunity for a big back catalogue.
serbuvlad
4 days ago
> Many users could also spare 32gbytes for seed data too
Almost everyone I've ever known has problems with running out of phone storage, so I disagree with this.
The seeding while charging and on wifi idea is cool though.
t0bia_s
4 days ago
Not sure what phone you talk about, but mine is charge 2-3 hours per 2 days.
gus_massa
4 days ago
> There are a minority of users who care about being able to host videos that violate YouTube/TikTok/Instagram policies.
IF I had a penny for every time I heard "unalive", I'd build my own hosting platform.
kmeisthax
5 days ago
don't forget 3) mobile phones exist and 4) anyone watching PeerTube over BitTorrent is publishing their watch history to the Internet
WithinReason
5 days ago
Peer to peer is alive and well in BitTorrent
some_random
4 days ago
YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok (especially) are becoming stricter and stricter about the kinds of content they allow to exist and spread on their platforms. Right now I think an alternative is non-viable but it's increasingly possible that won't be the case in the near future.
therealpygon
4 days ago
3- Also, this is rebroadcasting, technically a textbook definition of piracy even when that content might normally be obtained for free, especially if the content began encrypted.
(Because some laws are stupid. Please support right to repair and DMCA reform.)
spixy
3 days ago
Are you saying that p2p was fine in 2000s, but in 2020s with 10 times faster upload, it is suddenly not fine?
I even got 100 times faster upload than 20 years ago...
t2r3121
3 days ago
1. The audience changed. Billions of people came online in the 2010s on smartphones, streaming works better for them.
2. For most people bandwidth did not increase at the same rate as video file sizes during that period, streaming could do smart things like serve transcoded media sized to fit your screen and internet connection. It's only recently with HEVC and AV1 that video file sizes have caught up.
3. Streaming can be easily monetized, p2p generally cannot.
ranger_danger
3 days ago
Yes, because the amount of pirated content floating around was not 1/100th the amount that is out there now, and obtaining content is easier than ever. Especially when you have a sanctioned "library" that hosts it all for you for free.
miki123211
4 days ago
And we haven't yet found a way to solve recommendations for full P2P networks without making them trivial to game via sybil attacks. This makes truly decentralized P2P unusable in ways most people use Youtube.
fg137
5 days ago
My Comcast Internet gives me 300 down 10 up.
mitxela
5 days ago
Federated caching then
hashdava
5 days ago
Minor correction on (1): upload isn't worse "outside the US" as a rule. A lot of Western Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, the Nordics) has widespread FTTH with symmetric or near-symmetric plans, often better uplink than typical US cable. The weak-upload argument holds more for mobile-first regions and for DSL/cable-heavy markets. But I agree the conclusion probably stands either way: most viewing is on phones behind CGNAT, and that kills P2P regardless of how good home fibre is.
t2r3121
5 days ago
The CGNAT problem is solvable in the majority of cases via multiple solutions (tailcat/DERP, for example), but that certainly doesn't make a mobile connection's upload any better for sure.
mitxela
5 days ago
Most of Europe has IPv6
dzikimarian
5 days ago
Most of it behind cgnat. I had to ask isp to disable ipv6 to get incoming traffic at all.
psd1
5 days ago
They're natting ip6 now? Wait, what? They're paying the operating costs of stateful nat tables for ip-fucking-6?
bilegeek
4 days ago
Because it gives them control. Market segmentation foremost, and likely also because it makes self-hosting services or doing P2P harder.
psd1
4 days ago
Meh - you can block ports inbound without state tables. I think you're ascribing purpose to what i imagine is a sclerotic and dysfunctional entity.
When i was 20, i was reflexively cynical, because it let me pose as intellectual without the burden of having to learn or think. As an adult, i find that pose very fucking obvious.
My interest was piqued by the concept of natting ip6, and why an isp might do so, and why cgnat might be disabled if you ask the isp to disable ip6.
bilegeek
4 days ago
> i was reflexively cynical
...bb-but I thought cynicism was the same thing as experience![1]
No but seriously, I agree it is primarily "we can't be arsed to change our methods".
"Primarily" is not everything; the other 10-20% is the long tail of everything else. Europe is getting much harder on filesharing[3][4] because of business interests, and - despite the much better regulation - there's probably some "you shouldn't be hosting things on a residential connection anyways, pay us for a business connection peasants" like in the US[2].
Of course, all these ready-made restrictions are then easily adaptable for abuse (when's the next Chat Control proposal anyways?), so there's not much pushback from above...
Cynicism is easily a thought-terminating cliche, but it is unfortunately earned nowadays, especially as a coping mechanism for a feeling of helplessness against the usually stupid, sometimes malicious forces at play (Hanlon's Razor doesn't account for weaponization of stupidity).
[1]https://youtu.be/v0VA6u8cTxE?t=540
[2]https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18238827
[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_and_survei...
psd1
3 days ago
Sure, but cgnat doesn't defeat filesharing, because of your STUN and your DERP and what-have-you.
It's common, at least in the UK, for residential lines to block smtp inbound. That's an ACL, which is operationally ~free. NAT does not serve the purposes you've outlined.
Some cynicism is warranted about, e.g. chat control, but it's better explained by good-faith desire to fight egregious crime coupled with low care for the privacy invasion. Other people have different values to you and me.
It's hard to reconcile an EU government in anyone's pocket with gdpr and dma, which afaics serve citizens and no big interests. Like most governments, the EU is somewhat fractious and incoherent, so it's not a given that everything they do is citizen-friendly. But i, for one, accept that law enforcement should exist; accept that this is inevitably a trade-off against citizen rights; concede that preventing the next bataclan is nigh-on impossible; and understand why some might, to that end, desire greater power to comb through conversations. I don't agree, but i also don't need to assume conspiracy. At heart, the problem is not that all government is evil - although you're welcome to that view - it's that thick pillocks vote without any consideration of nuance.
foxes
5 days ago
Oh no think of the poor advertisers /s
adrianmonk
5 days ago
Delivering the bits is not the hard part of making a successful video platform. It's other stuff like recommendations and content discovery that is actually useful, allowing creators to monetize enough that they want to be on your platform, navigating legal issues, fighting spam and abuse, and getting enough users to sign up and start using your service.
idrios
5 days ago
Delivering the bits is a part of it though. When youtube changes its api in a way that forces NewPipe to change its algorithm, they have to push out a change that forces users to update the app. This is annoying because naturally you won't find NewPipe on the app store so updating the app is tedious for users who use it. The parent's workaround fixes some or all of this nuisance, depending on how implemented
the-scrabi
3 days ago
NewPipe dev here. Just like @nijave said, we offer OTA updates. Apps in android are capable of updating themselves this is why we show notifications when a new update is available. However, due to privacy concerns this automatic update checking is an opt-in feature, which you will have to enable in the settings first.
user
3 days ago
nijave
5 days ago
Can't you just do "ota" updates like codepush used to do? ie shove a JavaScript asset with whatever is needed and allow the app to pull it at runtime?
Smarttube on Android TV just pulls its own APK so you just need to click Install after it downloads and opens it.
the-scrabi
3 days ago
NewPipe dev here: We discussed something like this, but decided against “hot loadable code” like JavaScript snippets. Instead, we notify the users when a new version of the app is available. However, this features is opt-in due to privacy concerns. Maybe we should make it more obvious that this feature exists.
carlob
5 days ago
still less tedious than ads or no background play
cout
5 days ago
I don't find ads tedious at all. In fact, since I grew up with ads on tv, I miss them. The commercial break was a scheduled time to get a snack, go to the bathroom, get a snack, etc. Today's platforms put the ad breaks in such awkward spots that doing those things is a lot less natural. IMO, it's not the ads that after the problem; it's the way they are used.
franga2000
5 days ago
So you don't miss ads, you miss a scheduled break. You literally said you walk away when they happened, so you didn't even see them.
That's fine and there are tools to get that scheduled break back - even the official YouTube app has options to remind you to take a break every X min of watchtime and there are some very advanced general screentime limiting apps out there.
As you say YouTube ads aren't scheduled well and they're too short and unpredictable to even go to the bathroom during. Integrated ad reads are even worse in that regard.
pmontra
4 days ago
You bring your phone or tablet to the bathroom, or are you playing YouTube on an unmovable TV set?
I did without a TV set since I moved in a larger home. Previously I could listen to the TV anywhere in my home, now I can't so instead of pinning me in a place I moved my TV into my phone and tablets. Everything is in an app anyway and for free to air TV I got a couple of RPi 3 with a TV hat and the TVHeadend app.
And when I have guests everybody is watching something different on their phones most of the times.
wolvoleo
3 days ago
But these days you just press pause when you feel like it, so you don't have to let someone else pick the moment for you.
63stack
5 days ago
This is a problem that can be solved by just pressing pause, you don't need ads for this.
ThePowerOfFuet
5 days ago
There's an extension for Firefox enabling background play.
john01dav
5 days ago
It not being on the app store doesn't meant that there can't be low friction updates. FFUpdater, for example, is plenty convenient.
e12e
5 days ago
> This is annoying because naturally you won't find NewPipe on the app store so updating the app is tedious for users who use it.
F-droid enters the chat.
pmontra
4 days ago
I checked right now: I installed both NewPipe and PipePipe from F-Droid but both apps notify me about new versions and I always download and install them from the notification message bypassing F-Droid.
maybewhenthesun
5 days ago
Delivering the bits might not be hard. Storing the bits is hard. Or at least expensive.
tough
5 days ago
You could have local caches of the users recently watched videos on their machines as available seeds. bittorrent now also supports http based init seeds so you could create torrents with a verified sha of a youtube mp4 downloaded once or something like that.
if someone is seeding that video cause they recently watched it and it remains on their local cache, you could get the bits from there vs hitting youtube servers
nijave
5 days ago
That works if you fix everything to a single quality and codec. YouTube videos tend to have something like 20+ variants that can get dynamically switched between while the video is playing (adaptive streaming).
The client can pick the optimal encoding and quality which makes that quite a bit more difficult. A user on a modern device that can hardware decode HDR av1 will have a file cached completely useless to a browser that can only do SDR h264.
I think there is a sort of network effect needed to make it become reasonable.
darkwater
5 days ago
You are correct, but in this scenario reducing the number of available qualities to cover the most reasonable use cases would be the right tradeoff.
nijave
4 days ago
Why is that the right tradeoff? It seems like the Plex/Jellyfin ecosystem has landed on keeping high quality persisted and hardware accelerated transcoding for everything else. Put another way, transcoding capable caches.
tough
4 days ago
rabbit-holed onto MPEG-5 Part 2 LCEVC—Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding
Dylan16807
5 days ago
SDR 1080p AV1 can handle 90% of YouTube views.
nijave
4 days ago
I'd be interested in seeing data that supports this.
Netflix reported in 2025 something like 30% of traffic was av1. I think smartphone and PC support are fairly robust but under the impression streaming devices are still quite terrible unless it's a Chromecast.
AVC/h.264 is the only thing I know of that's pretty much universally supported at this point. I found a Facebook/Meta report citing some consultant provided data that VP9 was a close second. Limiting to devices from the last few years, HEVC might work.
Dylan16807
4 days ago
Okay I wasn't considering streaming devices. Those are going to have trouble participating in P2P at all but maybe they need something else.
xgulfie
5 days ago
Newpipe isn't trying to be a video platform
prmoustache
5 days ago
That would put users at risk of being sued/punished for copyright infrigement.
the-scrabi
3 days ago
(One of the) NewPipe devs here: I've been dreaming of something like a Worldwide Video (WWV) for a while. Essentially, instead of having one huge platform you would have many smaller platforms. These would talk the same content language, like HTML/HTTP for the Web, so you could have Video browsers like PipePipe, NewPipe or others that could aggregate and display the content from these platforms. Peertube kind of goes into that direction, but the Peertube network just like other similar platforms/systems have many problems right now. These often suffer from lacking content moderation, a strong network effect towards bigger platforms and a well scalable content provisioning (CDN costs money and P2P is complicated) for example.
Animats
4 days ago
That's what PeerTube does. If enough people are watching the same thing, the clients start to serve blocks of the video to other clients, taking load off the hosting server. There's still only one hosting server. It just scales for popular videos.
Nobody uses PeerTube much. I put technical videos on Hardlimit because it doesn't insert ads. I don't care about "discovery"; they're for a tiny audience that comes in from postings elsewhere. Works fine for that. The client side is all Javascript in user's browsers.
transitivebs
5 days ago
this is exactly why i worked on webtorrent ~13 years ago https://github.com/webtorrent/webtorrent
palata
5 days ago
For some reason webtorrent never took off, though
osndejciencjen
4 days ago
I mean it seems fairly obvious to me why it never took off.
KolmogorovComp
5 days ago
yes, will you also be providing the caching server? Because that's the main blocker I think, nobody has the resources to cache them.
WithinReason
5 days ago
Youtube is the caching server
mvdtnz
5 days ago
With no end in sight to the increasing cost of storage I can't imagine a worse time to put the burden of video storage onto users.
Even forgetting that issue, the last thing I want is to use some unknown, unpredictably changing residential connection for my videos. Google has invested in a powerful edge network so they can server my videos lightning quick.
Dylan16807
5 days ago
At current prices, pledging $5 worth of storage while the app is installed is enough to cache 20 hours of video. It's not too bad.
> the last thing I want is to use some unknown, unpredictably changing residential connection for my videos
YouTube only buffers a handful of seconds. Let's say other users would only be used to buffer 30-60 seconds in the future and if it drops below 15 a fast server is used. Does that solve your worries?
mvdtnz
5 days ago
No. I don't want to stream a video from some dude on a mobile connection heading into a train tunnel. There's simply no upside for me.
Dylan16807
5 days ago
Can you give a reason you don't want data from that dude? Because the design I outlined can only make your buffer bigger, never smaller. The absolute worst case of phone guy dropping out still leaves you in the same place youtube puts you by default. So there's no downside.
As for upside, is fewer ads enough to tempt you? That's the easiest one to do if the fast servers need much less bandwidth.
mitxela
5 days ago
The economy is collapsing, be patient. The administration has ended all of the main ways liquidity was created and now there's a liquidity crisis.
szolonh
5 days ago
there exist distributed alternatives like joinpeertube.org but they never really take off. Consumers like centralization, look at twitter.
Aachen
5 days ago
I tried using Peertube but finding an instance whose content policy fits what you're meaning to upload and responds to sign-up requests isn't trivial. It's basically perpetual storage they're offering for free so I get it, maybe the real surprise is that youtube makes so much money off of us that they can afford this
Found one in the end when I didn't have a choice anymore and put renewed effort into it (Google's algorithm won't let me into my account anymore, saying they don't have enough information to verify it's me (username, password, recovery email.. not enough apparently, but there is nothing else), so I'm a Peertube exclusive now) but iirc I can't use it for everything, like if I wanted to upload something in Dutch I'd have to find a new server that allows my language
miki123211
4 days ago
AFAIK Newpipe is mobile only, so I don't really see how that'd work.
P2P is great on desktop computers (and, in the modern age, Smart TV boxes), where your network connection has no data cap, there are no battery concerns, you're unlikely to be behind CGNAT (common for cellular data connections), and the app can surreptitiously minimize itself to tray instead of closing itself outright, making you an unwitting seed.
zaik
5 days ago
How do you verify you get the right data from your peers? With torrents we know the correct hashes for each block. YouTube probably doesn't do this.
basilikum
5 days ago
How do you ensure people upload the original video and do not tamper with it?
mayli
5 days ago
Pretty much worse user experience guaranteed, plz no.
RockRobotRock
5 days ago
I honestly don't see how those two things are related.
user
5 days ago
MisterMunchkin
5 days ago
The problem with P2P video is that it's expensive to host and most of the people using it are going to use it for child abuse. It makes it not realistic.
kitchi
5 days ago
> most of the people using it are going to use it for child abuse.
This is deeply unsubstantiated and does not help contribute to a constructive debate. Please consider thinking more carefully.
api
5 days ago
“Most” is hyperbolic but it’s a real problem in any system designed for peer to peer hosting or sharing.
If the system is truly distributed it means you might not be able to participate without hosting or transmitting CSAM.
It’s also been used as a deliberate attack, which is known as “pissing in the pool.” Flood the system with CSAM and copyright infringement.
choo-t
5 days ago
Most P2P video system make you seed only the video you started watching, thus making the point about transmitting csam moot.
dotancohen
5 days ago
If I search for The Best of Both Worlds but open the video to find it's csam and not st:tng then I've unwittingly started watching, and thus potentially seeding, the csam.
kitchi
5 days ago
But even simple checks like the number of seeders on a torrent will defeat a vast majority of this problem. I would not expect a torrent with 1k seeders to be csam for e.g.
I understand the worry, and it is a difficult problem worth thought but the alarmist virtue signalling helps absolutely no one, victims included.
dotancohen
4 days ago
That might work for popular culture. It's probably a good strategy if you want to watch the latest superhero movie.
I listen to the Butthole Surfers and Amboog-a-Lard - I'm willing to bet a good portion of their material has less seeders than much illegal content do.
monkeywork
4 days ago
Are you not describing perfect as the enemy of good?
A product doesn't need to serve EVERY human on earths needs, just enough of them that it can become large enough that established legacy solutions need to adapt.
I get why you might think this wouldn't be a fit for YOU but rather than argue against it from a niche viewpoint instead maybe look at how if it did exist it could be good for many.
Dylan16807
5 days ago
That's pretty unlikely. P2P can have moderation systems. Also that can be solved by only seeding videos you kept watching.
dotancohen
4 days ago
Is that actually done in practice?
Dylan16807
4 days ago
There's no popular peer to peer video system in the first place so uh not yet?
Peertube has moderation.
thisislife2
5 days ago
> If the system is truly distributed it means you might not be able to participate without hosting or transmitting CSAM.
Depends on the P2P architecture. With something like bittorrent / webtorrent you will be distributing CSAM only if you download it yourself first. Otherwise there is no way for any CSAM content to appear on your device. The fear that an algorithm may spread CSAM on the network by making you view one accidentally is a legitimate concern though.
palata
5 days ago
In that case, a real problem if you sell hammers is that you might not be able to prevent people from hitting their wife with them.
Not sure it is a reason for making hammers illegal?
api
4 days ago
I’m not in favor of making it illegal. I was speaking for those who write, maintain, or run such systems.