Incredibly happy to see this series of CF articles. I was always so proud of devs back in the days where RAM and processing were scarce and who had to get creative to fit even the most basic stuff in the budget. It seemed to me that after RAM and processing became abundant, most gave up on optimization and focused on shipping instead which meant now that even with several cores, a basic notepad or music player failed to work. In a way, RAM becoming more expensive has ushered in a new era of forced optimizations, which I'm really happy for

I would get rid of consistent hashing and ketama for a better system which works save an additional 600TiB.

You use the first N bits of your key hash to pick the server partition so it’s a reasonable number (eg 128 servers per partition). Then use high quality precomputed hashes (first 64 bits of sha256) for the server name as N in H(K + N). Use wymum from wyhash as the H so that you do o(n) integer multiplications while retaining a result that’s still a good hash statistically.

Now you’re using a tournament hash, the small N means O(N) vs O(N log N) doesn’t matter, and also this O(N) is also going to be much less CPU than computing 160 hashes per key as they do now, so much less latency added per request.

Cloudflare is truly amazing, they have made so much possible for my main side-project at a price and performance that I can’t really take credit for (http://sourcelibrary.org), I don’t care if their text was written with AI, I just wish I could get my own AI to sing so well about hashing… but wait.. today I noticed Claude trying to use hashing when a timestamp would honestly do, and now I’m really doubting myself, hmm…

These optimizations are impressive, but it gets me thinking: at what point does a company become a collection of impenetrable siloes, where nothing really does what you expect? Maybe know with AI this is less of an issue as exploring a codebase is also much faster.

This sort of thing makes me thing that we're about to enter an era where software development is going to be where most of the jobs fallout will be. You can't one-shot vibe code your way to this. But for proper Software Engineering, those jobs are safe where more and more problems are going to actually need solving by creatively using math because all the problems individuals deliver are just going to be larger. People are just mourning the loss of the low hanging fruit.

The only Rust section is the one on storage improvements about the struct that stores the hash, but do they really need that many hashes that 2 bytes makes that big of a difference? Article doesn't expand, but I guess it's a hash for every task on every computer, so maybe yes.

Bang up article! As someone who doesn't get to do enough (almost any) calculus in my daily programming assignments, I thoroughly enjoyed reading about Kevin's dive into that derivation (linked in the supplemental article). All the people being negative here can swallow raisins

I'm surprised to see no mention of hierarchical rendezvous hashing in either the article or the comments here.

It is purpose-designed for exactly this type of proxy/cache load-balancing scenario!

I definitely enjoyed this writing style more than a lot of the recent cf blog posts. Cool article!

Someone really needed a few hundred TB to waste on inference and went looking under the rugs…

It’s nice to see Cloudflare is letting humans write the blog posts again after all the fallout from their LLM slop blogs

anyone remember 100tb hosting company?

does this mean RAM prices can go down now? Please?