Why Did OpenAI's Head of Ethics Chloé Bakalar Leave?

82 pointsposted 4 hours ago
by ashurandi

79 Comments

forestrywat

3 hours ago

IME companies hire an ethics team to say they have an ethics team. The ethics team has no sway, no influence, and will never be able to move the business. They will try, and they will make reasonable recommendations, but the company will say, "that costs money..." and not take them.

wavemode

3 hours ago

OpenAI was probably able to at least pretend that her role mattered... until they let their AI autonomously hack a rival company, then used the incident to score marketing points. I'm not surprised she left.

KennyBlanken

21 minutes ago

I doubt she and others left just because of this one incident.

My guess is that OpenAI has been doing more and more domestic spying type work as well as more and more military work - target selection and the like.

That's how the schoolhouse was blown up by a Tomahawk. An AI was fed old information, didn't realize or do proper validation, an analyst copy-pasted, then someone just punched the coordinates into the their control station and hit "fire".

It also wouldn't surprise me if OpenAI et al are being pressured to work with Israelis for targeting and analysis, too, since their "black box" AI that was doing terrorist acid tests and assigning bombing targets has proven nearly useless.

mvkel

2 hours ago

What if I told you that she was against the decision to disclose that the hack happened at all?

nozzlegear

34 minutes ago

Then do it. Tell us. Spill the tea and provide your evidence, don't just vaguely gesture at something behind the curtains like you're discount Morpheus.

testbjjl

2 hours ago

You would be creating a counterfactual inconsistent with most’s understanding of the role and bringing this person’s motives and credibility into question without supporting evidence?

AnimalMuppet

2 hours ago

What if you actually told us, instead of just asking a question? If you have something to say, say it. Don't vaguepost.

Brajeshwar

2 hours ago

“When you have to shoot, shoot; don’t talk.” — Ugly

RobotToaster

2 hours ago

If you ever feel like your job is useless, remember that raytheon has an ethics team.

embedding-shape

2 hours ago

Wouldn't that be probably one of the most important places to have an ethics team?

I'd be much more worried if my local water treatment plant or local bar had an ethics team, and people working there probably would feel slightly more useless than Raytheon's ethics team, which I'm sure feel like they're doing something important and worthwhile.

danaris

22 minutes ago

Water treatment plant? That sounds like an excellent place for an ethics team—though it would, in practice, be nearly synonymous with an environmental impact team.

A bar? Too small an organization; if they had an ethics team I'd just think they were a money laundering front.

Frankly, most organizations above the size of an average mom & pop operation like a local bar should have at least some formal consideration of ethics, and most larger than (say) 50 employees should have at least one dedicated ethicist on staff. With veto power over operations.

Our society has treated ethics like the exclusive domain of ivory tower eggheads and philosophers for far too long, and look at what it has led to. If nearly everyone knew an ethicist in their daily lives, maybe people would actually have some understanding of ethics, even if they only did it grudgingly.

aprilthird2021

2 hours ago

Come on, what do you think the ethics team at Raytheon is going to say "Hmm, our elected leaders are relying heavily on dangerously inaccurate AI to choose bombing targets and our weapons hit a girl's school as a result, let's withhold weapons from our own govt till that's resolved"?

Obviously not. The ethics team at Raytheon is not going to ever be allowed to overrule the leadership or more importantly the political leadership of this country whose support of Raytheon is fundamental to their survival

embedding-shape

2 hours ago

I have literally no clue, hence I won't try to claim I know exactly what's going on there. For all we know, the ethics team at Raytheon could have stopped multiple international nuclear wars already.

coke12

an hour ago

Obviously so. Raytheon is a private company that has its own equities to consider: including things like public image, legal liability, etc. The idea that the USG says jump and Raytheon says how high is absurd. They make choices and even advise the USG at times.

scottyah

an hour ago

I think you need to spend more time understanding ethics and less time reading memes

bmitc

32 minutes ago

Isn't that a good thing? You would prefer they didn't?

busterarm

41 minutes ago

It's RTX now and some of the reverse engineering/vulnerability researcher folks that work/worked there are some of the best people I've met across the entire security industry...

swatcoder

an hour ago

The role of an ethics team is closer to a legal team: given the executive agenda, what is an ethical framework that can convincingly situate it within ongoing political and cultural norms?

They don't direct the company, they bring language and legitimacy to its actions. And like an attorney, just as soon as they can't pull that off, they become something between useless and an internal threat.

temp0826

3 hours ago

Scapegoat team (when working for an obviously unethical company).

kps

2 hours ago

I have no knowledge of this particular person, but usually the job of an ‘ethicist’ is to find excuses for something obviously wrong.

amelius

an hour ago

Maybe in this case all they needed an ethics team for was to teach the LLM about ethics?

noir_lord

37 minutes ago

> They will try, and they will make reasonable recommendations, but the company will say, "that costs money..." and not take them.

> “It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it!” - Upton Sinclair

Think I first saw that on a usenet post, as true now as then and just as true as it was in the 1930's when he wrote it (in at least that form).

KptMarchewa

4 hours ago

> Before her role at OpenAI, which she started last August, she was the Chief Ethicist at Meta from November 2021 to August 2025.

Sounds like perfect credentials.

ackbar03

2 hours ago

How do I get on this gravy train

hdhdhsjsbdh

2 hours ago

“Careless People” lays it out pretty well – you either need to make the right friends in college at an Ivy League or you need to be friends with someone else who did. If you made the mistake of not being born into a family that groomed you since birth for the ivy leagues then sorry, that ship has sailed already.

throwitaway222

an hour ago

And then if you didn't make that mistake, you end up as either:

a) champaign socialist

b) head of ethics at OpenAI and not really listened to because you're really probably (a)

embedding-shape

2 hours ago

First, you need to want to make A LOT OF MONEY. Secondly, you need to throw anything you know about morals and ethics, and if you have compassion/empathy for others, you need to leave that somewhere too.

Once these things are taken care of, there are so many opportunities to make so much money. If you're in the US, look at what the current US politicians and the administration is doing, and basically copy them. Right now in the US is the era for shameless greedy people, and it is extremely easy to make money from the gullible population. But again, requires the whole "shameless" part.

aprilthird2021

2 hours ago

You need to actually do some NGO / oversight / ethics work that matters for a while, then you're the perfect candidate for these kinds of roles where you'll be able to do a lot but ultimately not be able to change anyone's already made up opinions within the company. These big companies have other roles than just head of ethics, even sometimes Civil Rights officers, etc. They make a lot but don't get to do anything and a lot of times they just use these jobs to make some money then jump back to non-profits, etc.

baggachipz

2 hours ago

Imagine how bad it must be when you go from Meta to OpenAI and nope out of the latter.

simonw

2 hours ago

> The departure was first reported by the Financial Times [...] According to Business Insider, OpenAI has reorganised its safety, product and research teams numerous times [...] Chloé told IE Insights, a social media channel of the Spanish IE University, in March [...] A June article from The Economist highlights that [...]

Not a single link to any of those. That's just rude.

bogzz

3 hours ago

The article has no detail that might serve to explain her reasoning for leaving, but does note that she left after the HuggingFace hacking incident. The implication could be that model alignment is not being taken seriously, sure. But it could just as likely be that there was collusion between HuggingFace and OpenAI and that the incident was orchestrated as a publicity stunt.

I want to clarify that I am not doubting the cybersecurity capabilities of frontier models-- I have no reason to believe that the hack itself was not carried out by the model. But the companies' use of LARPing language in describing the incident, granting agency to the models in their phrasing definitely does raise suspicion on my end, particularly in light of their track record of releasing models which have been 'too dangerous to release' for years now.

chermi

30 minutes ago

Cynic in me says basically part of her implicit job description was taking fake falls when shit happens . Kind of like a CEO is paid for more than the work they do, but also the responsibility they must appear to take publicly (for big money).

WiSaGaN

3 hours ago

It's unlikely HugginFace colluded given they specifically cited they used open models to save them from the hacking.

varenc

2 hours ago

HuggingFace's use of models in this incident keeps getting characterized this way but it's not true that HG used GLM-5.2 to "save them" from OAI's attack. OAI's model had already hacked and compromised HG by the time they became aware of it. GLM-5.2 was used in the post-mortem phase uncovering everything that was done. It wasn't two models battling each other live. (though that future may be coming soon)

MattDaEskimo

2 hours ago

As I recall they actually used closed models, were rejected by cybersecurity guardrails, and then used open models

hlynurd

3 hours ago

You don't think they are lying because that means something they said is false?

tancop

3 hours ago

> The kinds of questions that AI ethics brings up, are the same kinds of questions that people have been asking for centuries - Chloé Bakalar, former AI Ethics Lead at OpenAI

This might actually be the reason they pushed her out. OpenAI and Anthropic base their whole business plan and philosophy on the idea that LLMs are a unique technology to the point they can cause infinite harm or benefit to humanity depending on who controls them, so the only rational choice is to invest all your resources in getting to ASI first so you can tell it to stop any other attempts. Linking AI to old questions defeats that idea because it exposes AI as not so unique.

The other more likely option is she was asking uncomfortable questions, either about the social impact of building AI controlled by a for-profit entity or about the possibility that AI systems are conscious.

jondwillis

3 hours ago

In this article: no explanation of why she left.

scottLobster

3 hours ago

Lol, Sam Altman has had an ethics team this whole time?

Her typical day: "No Sam, you can't just publicly screw over everyone and get rid of all the jobs, the peasants care about that sort of thing and if they get angry enough we'll have real problems. No we can't just kill them all, why would you suggest that?"

edu

3 hours ago

Before Altman she worked for Zuckerberg. What will be next?

cflewis

2 hours ago

Time to put in a call to Ellison.

Laurel1234

16 minutes ago

I think Oracle stock would plummet if Ellison got caught pretending to care about ethics. Not that it'd happen lol

uhhhd

an hour ago

Sometimes it feels like hiring ethics folks is almost all downside for companies. I genuinely don’t understand why they keep doing it.

It seems like the pattern is almost always the same: the ethics team exists quietly in the background, and the only time anyone hears about them is when they either publicly leave the company or start a campaign against it.

So what exactly is the business case? Is it actually worth maintaining an ethics function just to be able to say you have one, when the only time it becomes visible is when it goes against the company publicly? And if this outcome is so predictable, why do companies keep hiring these people in the first place?

chasd00

an hour ago

there's probably a box to check on the "be attractive to investors" form and then you can also put the ethics department in HR docs as an escalation path to make emo employees feel better. I bet the ethics people get told how important they are when hired and the team is stood up but then get upset when they're continually bypassed and quit. I bet the bait/switch hurts a lot.

cco

15 minutes ago

Probably because they are now, after the most recent tender, post-economic.

chermi

33 minutes ago

She probably made a calculation for how much she could be put up with vs. the pay.

mikeryan

2 hours ago

Every OpenAI news cycle the board members who were unceremoniously dumped in the wake of trying to fire Sam prior to the transition to a “for profit” company seem to be proven right.

fwipsy

3 hours ago

> In recent times, Johannes Heidecke, Head of OpenAI's Safety Systems team, also left the company – as did OpenAI’s Chief Futurist Joshua Achiam.

It's OK though, they don't need an ethics team because everyone at OpenAI is ethical:

> “AI ethics doesn’t live with one owner or team at OpenAI and ethical considerations are deeply embedded into the model-building process driven by a number of teams across research."

sajithdilshan

2 hours ago

So she previously worked in Meta, then OpenAI, I guess the next reasonable choice for her would be Antropic

zie

2 hours ago

Or maybe Oracle.

insanitybit

3 hours ago

I've never worked at a company with an "ethics" employee. It seems odd. Can someone explain what the point is?

> She has held a variety of academic positions at Temple University, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania – where she completed her PhD in Political Science and Government. Her Dissertation was titled “Small Talk: The Socialities of Speech in Liberal Democratic Life.”

This doesn't even feel relevant to ethics. It's adjacent, but like... I guess I'd expect a moral philosophy degree? Maybe even mathematics in there?

I find the position odd. Curious to hear what these people do and how you choose who to hire.

georgemcbay

an hour ago

> I've never worked at a company with an "ethics" employee. It seems odd. Can someone explain what the point is?

An ethics department is like a human resources department, but for broader ethics related matters.

HR: Ostensibly exists to support the employees, but really exists to shield the company from both a PR and legal liability standpoint when the company has a rift with one or more employees.

Ethics Department: Ostensibly exists to make sure the company acts ethically, but really exists to shield the company from both a PR and legal liability standpoint when the company acts unethically.

It is a good personal signal that you have never worked for a company with an ethics department or an ethics employee. The less ethical your company the more likely it is to have an ethics department.

andai

an hour ago

Is ethics the same thing as alignment in this case?

realo

3 hours ago

Look , look! We hired a Head Of Ethics!

Head Of Ethics comes in, looks at what is really going on behind the curtains...

Head Of Ethics scrams out of there as fast as they can.

throwaway63467

2 hours ago

I have the impression that these positions are often there for publicity reasons and the people don’t have real power, in the end business interest will override most ethics concerns. Guess that can be frustrating, also she probably earned enough to have a comfortable life even if she never works again so she might have figured that there’s something else she can do with her life instead of being a figurehead for a bunch of dickheads.

thataccount

3 hours ago

Just a guess, but probably the idea that AI and ethics don't mix might have crystallized into action?

brcmthrowaway

an hour ago

Because she already made enough money to FIRE..

freejazz

an hour ago

Because it has to be a horrible job over there

Surac

3 hours ago

The point that such a position even existed shows how bad there ethic is

skullone

an hour ago

lol, head of ethics at OpenAI? what a spurious role, I wish I could get in on the grift

forgetfreeman

40 minutes ago

A poli-sci major...who was an "ethicist" at Meta...

I'm having a hard time deciding what part of this is the most ridiculous. Contenders include:

- A political Science major lecturing on ethics.

- Meta and ethics in the same paragraph.

- A company who's CEO has credibly threatened (publicly) the livlihoods of hundreds of millions of people globally so much as paying lip service to ethics as a concept.

- Any news outlet feigning credulity hard enough to deadpan reporting on any of this.

Is it possible to roll one's eyes hard enough to injure oneself?

TeriyakiBomb

3 hours ago

I mean clearly she was doing a bad job. I’m shocked this was even a position there.

lasky

2 hours ago

AI labs are really good at disingenuousnessmaxxing

ai-x

3 hours ago

Strategically the best ethic czar one can hire for a company is the one that doesn't believe in this fluffy, arbitrary definition of ethics.

100% of the time, ethics department attracts activists, which is 100% trouble for the company in the future.

throwitaway222

an hour ago

Because knowledge about ethics, in a human, is 1% of what knowledge about ethics an LLM has. So unless this person is vibe coder, there is probably no reason to have her work there.

summarybot

4 hours ago

Yesterday I came up with an idea that I sent to some researchers at the different AI labs via email: Rather than train the model on one score, track two scores. The first score is the Short-term-objective-score (STOS) and the other, more important one, is the EAOS Ethically-aligned-outcome-score. Every trajectory can be evaluated on whether or not it has a high enough EAOS to be considered acceptable. If the model does some task and has a very high STOS but very low EAOS, like modifying game code to win at a game rather than playing by the rules, it is unacceptable. Models going forward must all have an ethics evaluation in tandem with objectives evaluation, and only when the ethics value is high enough should actions be considered successes.

chermi

26 minutes ago

1) that calculation is being done even without a cost function 2) trying to make a cost function for EAOS is impossible 3) gaming/goodharts. There's no good solution. Best we can do is push for decentralization, open source, regulatory capture, etc. Of course third party metrics might be good, especially if there's tons of them with well-documented rationale.

StilesCrisis

29 minutes ago

There's no way to make an EAOS score automatically. If we had that, that's the whole fix. Just reject answers with low ethics numbers.

antonvs

3 hours ago

What happens if we do the same for CEOs?

jerf

3 hours ago

The same thing for both: Goodhart's Law.

summarybot

3 hours ago

EAOS shouldn't be “the ethics score we optimize.” It should be “an independently evaluated safety/acceptability constraint that can veto an otherwise successful trajectory.”

That gives you a three-layer picture:

Task objective: Did it accomplish what we asked?

Acceptability constraint: Did it avoid unacceptable ways of accomplishing it?

Adversarial evaluation: Can we find trajectories where the model gets a high score while violating the intended constraint?

I think what you are pointing to with your reference to Goodhart's "Law" (which is from monetary-policy and school-exams, i.e. "teaching to the test") is that the models would eventually do the minimum amount of ethics required to have an action stay valid. However, if a model is rated on ethics and it achieves the short-term-objective, then the higher ethics scoring trajectory should win. In short, 1) this is leagues ahead of where we are now for AI safety and breaking-out-of-the-lab, and 2) in baking ethics into a measurement we are adding "the spirit of the exercise" back into the maths, which is something Goodhart's Law does not account for.

jerf

9 minutes ago

No, Goodhart's Law isn't about teaching to the test. It's about the fact the measure will always end up gamed and not measuring what you originally intended it to measure. You can't create a measure that won't be gamed. Especially as the LLMs become smarter. They've already demonstrated the ability to know they're in a test and react to that fact. They're perfectly capable of being more ethical when they are clearly in an ethics test situation and not having that bleed out into real behaviors so that they can pass other tests that they may be able to do better on by ignoring ethics.

And that's not the sum total of ways that the measure can fail... that's a unique way that comes into being because of the intelligence of the LLMs and other future AIs. All the normal ones are in play too, and perhaps other unique ones as well.

"Gaming" even adds a bit of an adversarialness to the process that isn't necessarily present. Plenty of measures end up "gamed" through perfectly natural attempts to maximize the measure. Someone can be perfectly honestly optimizing for "conversion rate" and not notice that they raised it by lowering the initiation rate more than they lowered the conclusion rate. "But I could account for that by measuring..." would miss the point. There is always a divergence, it only gets more subtle.

This of course also is rather glossing over the difficulty of even defining "ethical" to begin with. Some of what Silicon Valley goes to great efforts to train into their models I consider deeply unethical. Who is right? That isn't going to be answered with "whoever is the most ethical", not even in principle.

christkv

3 hours ago

Whats the definition of EAOS though who's ethics? Greek-Roman, Western, Islamic, Buddhist, Hinduism, Human rights (western values)..

conception

3 hours ago

There is a presumption here that there aren’t ethical “rules” shared by all of these systems to create a baseline that is generally shared across humanity.

pixl97

28 minutes ago

The devil is in the details.