Any app with "modify system settings" permission can turn location services and Bluetooth radio on.

Any app which asks google play services for location will automatically turn on location and Bluetooth.

And reminder that Amazon devices connected to the internet WILL respond to whispertalk requests from airgapped devices(tablets, fire sticks with no internet, echos, doorbell cams, etc)

I share my location with family through Google Maps, so mine is intentionally always on.