Restic: Backups done right

183 pointsposted 15 hours ago
by fanf2

83 Comments

dmw_ng

13 hours ago

I'm a restic user, but have resisted the urge to attempt a bikeshed for a long time, mostly due to perf. It's index format seems to be slow and terrible and the chunking algorithm it uses (rabin fingerprints) is very slow compared to more recent alternatives (like FastCDC). Drives me nuts to watch it chugging along backing up or listing snapshots at nowhere close to the IO rate of the system while still making the fans run. Despite that it still seems to be the best free software option around

Svenstaro

4 hours ago

You could try running rustic on your repository. It should be a drop-in for restic and maybe it's faster? I would actually be very interested in this. Would be great if you could do that and report back.

nextaccountic

4 hours ago

> It's index format seems to be slow and terrible and the chunking algorithm it uses (rabin fingerprints) is very slow compared to more recent alternatives (like FastCDC).

Hi, can you elaborate more on those two points? (Specially, what makes the index format so bad?) Or link to somewhere I can learn more

rjrdi38dbbdb

5 hours ago

Have you opened issues with suggested algo improvements? They might be open to them.

Even if restic isn't interested, maybe the rustic dev will be.

NelsonMinar

11 hours ago

Try BackRest if you want a nice frontend to Restic. You can configure Restic from the command line but it's pretty awkward. BackRest has a nice simple web GUI and makes basic automation very easy. https://github.com/garethgeorge/backrest

I'm surprised no one is selling Restic hosting as a straight up service. BackBlaze works well with Restic but the configuration is a little manual and clumsy. A packaged solution would be a nice thing.

Restic is very very good. My only nervousness is the backup format is so opaque, you need a working copy of Restic to restore from it. The format is documented though and of course the code is open source, so I think it's probably fine in practice.

kayson

13 hours ago

Other popular choices include borg, duplicity, and duplicati.

After evaluating these and others mentioned in the comments, I ended up using borg with borgmatic to define homelab backups with yaml files that are version controlled in gitea and deployed using ansible.

I also use duplicity to back up my sister in laws storefront website to backblaze. I've been quite happy with both.

https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/

http://duplicity.gitlab.io/

https://docs.duplicati.com/en/latest/

riedel

13 hours ago

I'd throw in kopia[0], fast, many features and easy to use across platforms.

[0] https://kopia.io/

mongol

11 hours ago

I have seen Kopia mentioned from time to time but never as often as borg. Does it have a good reputation?

bityard

7 hours ago

I've been using it for years with zero problems.

sph

12 hours ago

I chose restic because borg was slow, buggy and an unwieldy pile of Python, not the best language for deployment on heterogeneous Linux systems.

Restic on the other hand is slow, but never crashed on me and is distributed as a single binary.

The only thing I dislike about restic is that it does not have a simple config file where you define your backup settings. Instead I had to write my own backup.sh that I deploy everywhere on my personal and production machines. Paired with rsync.net for storage and healthchecks.io for notifications.

kayson

8 hours ago

I've never had any crashing or big issues with borg, and it's generally considered to be faster than restic. I'm sure there are more recent benchmarks, but as of Dec 2022, borg wins by a fair bit [1].

For installation, I set up a dedicated virtualenv for borg and borgmatic installation then symlink into /usr/local/bin. This is also automated with ansible and has worked on every distro and version I've used. The latest version does require python 3.9.0, but that's already 4 years old.

1. https://github.com/borgbase/benchmarks

3eb7988a1663

10 hours ago

I write Python day to day, but even I use Restic for the single binary. I take a lot of comfort in being able to keep the backup executable adjacent to the backup blobs. While I believe Borg now has a distributable binary, Go has it in its blood to make easy deployment without tricks.

abhinavk

11 hours ago

Use resticprofile or autorestic for configuration file or to run scheduled jobs.

layer8

10 hours ago

Duplicity is solid, I’ve been using it since over a decade, and it’s a standard package on Debian-based distributions. Never had any hiccups (and I run regular backup validations).

These threads about backup tools come up regularly, and I always wonder if I’m missing something important about the other tools.

Delk

7 hours ago

I used Duplicity (via the Gnome Déjà Dup GUI) for years, but Borg turned out to be a lot faster at making the backups, at least for my laptop home dir backups. Like an order of magnitude faster. I don't think I ever tried to hand-configure Duplicity, though.

pixard

12 hours ago

I have tested all of these also, and settled on borg + borgmatic. It has been absolutely rock solid. Borgmatic just rounds everything together in such a nice way. The documentation is great.

I'm pushing it all to a Hetzner storage box, as well as a local NAS. Super affordable!

mikae1

12 hours ago

BorgBackup is also my choice. More features, but that's not necessarily a good (or bad) thing if Restic does everything you need.

notherhack

11 hours ago

The Borg site says Windows support is "experimental, no binaries yet". Is that still true?

thekashifmalik

13 hours ago

Big fan of restic! The only feature I found missing was the ability to browse historical snapshots like regular files.

I wrote and now use the rsync-based, browsable, incremental backup CLI: https://rincr.com/

dmd

13 hours ago

What do you mean by that? "restic mount" has been part of restic since the very start.

thekashifmalik

13 hours ago

That command works well and accomplishes some of what rincr what built to solve. For example, when I mention browse-ability, I mean on the backup host without any dependencies so I can use standard file tools and browsers.

I also needed both "pull" (backup remote files) and "push" (backup local files) backup features and if I'm not mistaken restic still only supports the "push" model.

EDIT: Added more details

homebrewer

12 hours ago

If you're doing pull to prevent remotes from destroying old backups (in case of malware takeover, etc), this can be solved by running rest-server with --append-only

https://github.com/restic/rest-server

It 403's any attempt to overwrite or delete old data.

rakoo

10 hours ago

> I mean on the backup host without any dependencies so I can use standard file tools and browsers.

This means the backups are not encrypted though, and is something you really have to think twice before requiring

> "pull" (backup remote files)

You can mount the server to backup on the backup host, or you can ssh from the backup host to the server to backup, call `tar cf - /folder`, and ingest that from stdin on the backup host. Both will retransmit the totality of the files to backup

luoc

11 hours ago

Browsing without dependencies is a bit tricky due to a) deduplication, b) encryption and c) compression of restic's backups.

heinrichf

13 hours ago

Restic has a mount subcommand that exposes all backups through a FUSE filesystem, no?

tetris11

8 hours ago

Only feature missing for me was passwordless backups

demomode

13 hours ago

Isn't that the purpose of `restic mount`?

aborsy

13 hours ago

Restic is great! It has worked flawlessly for me for several years.

Anyone knows if there is plan to add Reed Solomon erasure coding, just in case there will be errors in repository? Something like Par2.

Asymmetric encryption could also be useful in some situations. Perhaps they could just use Age for the asymmetric encryption backend (unfortunately Age offers only 128 bits of security in its symmetric encryption, so it’s not recommended for long term storage, because of the save-now decrypt-later attack). But I expect a stable quantum resistant plug-in appearing next year or so.

manuel_w

10 hours ago

Which one is more resistant to bitrot, Restic or Borg Backup?

(Yes, bitrot might better be mitigated at the filesystem layer, but I'm not switching to ZFS, btrfs or bcache-fs anytime soon.)

ajvs

2 hours ago

Not sure but I know that Vorta (borg GUI) does automatic consistency checking using `borg check ` regularly.

rodgerd

4 hours ago

One thing that I like about Restic is that you can automatically do a test restore of a subset (e.g. 1%, 5%, 8%) of your data, so that you can check for problems on the remote automatically.

anotherevan

10 hours ago

I've been using Restic for servers, but ended up going with Kopia for machines that are not always on, like laptops. It has the advantage that it will take something of an opportunistic approach where it will start backing up if it hasn't done so in a while, and seems to be able to restart with aplomb if it gets interrupted (machine shutdown or laptop lid closed).

That and being able to have multiple machines writing to a shared repository at the same time is handy. I have the kids' Windows computers both backing up to the same repo to save a bit of storage. (Now if only Kopia supported VSS on Windows without mucking around with dubious scripts.)

mariusor

2 hours ago

I think the first part could be solved by systemd timers, no?

alibert

14 hours ago

Been using Restic for a while but I was wondering how does it compare to:

- Rustic https://rustic.cli.rs

- Kopia https://kopia.io

aliasxneo

14 hours ago

I perused the Rustic website and they have a direct comparison of Restic here: https://rustic.cli.rs/docs/comparison-restic.htm. At face value I thought it was just, "because it's Rust," but it does appear to have a few additional features.

I haven't used either, though.

tredre3

13 hours ago

Rustic was started by a former restic contributor. My impression at the time was that he was frustrated with poor collaboration from restic maintainers (slow/no response to his PRs). So it's a bit more than just "rewrite-it-in-rust".

Many of his rejected/ignored restic PRs ended up being features in rustic: cold storage support, config file support, resumable operations, webdav server, etc.

tacticus

9 hours ago

"rewrite-it-in-rust-wrapping-c"

Scandiravian

13 hours ago

I switched to rustic a couple of months ago due to it being able to filter based on .gitignore files. Have done a few test restores and everything has worked well so far

snorremd

13 hours ago

A killer feature rustic has over restic is built-in support for .gitignore files. So all your dependencies and build output is automatically ignored in your backups.

githubalphapapa

6 hours ago

At first I thought that sounded great, but then I realized that that would exclude files that I want to be backed up, like `dir-locals-2.el`, which should be excluded from git, but should also be backed up. There doesn't seem to be a great solution to that in general.

neilv

12 hours ago

Nice. Using `.gitignore` would simplify my Restic, Borg/Borgmatic, and Rsync-based backup scripts/configs. (Right now, I end up duplicating the same information in a few places, not very well.)

BoingBoomTschak

14 hours ago

I vaguely remember Kopia having partly mitigated Restic's issues with memory usage.

nh2

7 hours ago

Faster alternatives I recommend:

* Kopia: many features, also great for desktop GUI users

* bupstash: The fastest, lowest RAM. I use it to backup 1B files daily (200TB). Ransomware-proof asymmetric multi key crypto. Less features.

aftbit

6 hours ago

bupstash is new to me. That looks like a cool set of properties. I do wish it supported S3 and compatible APIs as a backup target.

ajvs

2 hours ago

Relevant: Borg 2.x now supports rclone to allow S3-compatible hosts.

crabique

9 hours ago

Restic is awesome for moderate operational scale, but when it's got to backup thousands of storage block devices with arbitrary number of files on them, it just doesn't really work.

Is there anything cool people use for Ceph-RBD backups nowadays?

For now, the only thing in the OSS world that doesn't choke at this scale is Benji, but it looks like it's not really maintained anymore, and I worry it may not support newer Ceph versions.

chrchr

13 hours ago

My Thinkpad has a tiny SDHC slot. I put a 1 terabyte SDHC card in it (~$80) and have a cron job take hourly Restic snapshots of my primary storage. It's been reliable and has bailed me out more than once.

immibis

10 minutes ago

Make sure to verify it against bitrot. SD cards aren't the most reliable media.

ritcgab

6 hours ago

Duplicity is my go because it integrates so well with pgp signing/encryption. Other popular alternatives like borg and restic just do not have it.

aftbit

6 hours ago

I do wish there were a way to allow a machine to perform backups without also allowing to read them. I generate per-machine secret keys for restic, then encrypt those keys to a set of GPG recipients, and store them alongside the backup data. I did have to roll my own solution for this using s3cmd etc but its not too bad.

notherhack

11 hours ago

Restic 0.17.1 was released last month. The home page says "During initial development (versions prior to 1.0.0), maintainers and developers will do their utmost to keep backwards compatibility and stability, although there might be breaking changes without increasing the major version."

So worth a peek but still under construction.

gmuslera

14 hours ago

I’m more fan of BorgBackup, but you have to couple it with I.e. rclone for it to make backups to cloud object storage. But that opinion is based on my particular use case, probably would be using restic if direct to cloud was a better choice.

pdw

13 hours ago

Borg 2.0 supposedly will support cloud backups out of the box.

dang

13 hours ago

Related:

Restic 0.17.0 Released - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41082937 - July 2024 (5 comments)

Restic – Simple Backups - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38915291 - Jan 2024 (14 comments)

Restic 0.15.0 Released - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34364925 - Jan 2023 (1 comment)

Restic 0.14.0 Released (with highly anticipated feature – compression) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32599032 - Aug 2022 (5 comments)

Restic 0.13.0 - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30822631 - March 2022 (66 comments)

Restic – Backups Done Right - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29209455 - Nov 2021 (286 comments)

Saving a restic backup the hard way - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28438430 - Sept 2021 (2 comments)

Restic Cryptography (2017) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27471549 - June 2021 (5 comments)

Restic – Backups Done Right - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21410833 - Oct 2019 (177 comments)

Show HN: K8up – Kubernetes Backup Operator Based on Restic - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20769362 - Aug 2019 (18 comments)

Append-only backups with restic and rclone - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19347188 - March 2019 (42 comments)

Restic Cryptography - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15131310 - Aug 2017 (36 comments)

Restic – Backups done right - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10135430 - Aug 2015 (1 comment)

Jur

14 hours ago

Interesting, I'll give this a try. I'm hoping one day to retire my subscription/cloud-based back-ups with something docker based that still back-ups to multiple instances (local and remote).

SomeoneOnTheWeb

13 hours ago

I've tried many options and ended up distching Restic for Borg and then Borg for Kopia, which was IMO the best option.

yapyap

14 hours ago

Awesome, I’m using BackInTime right now for ’snapshot’-like backups but I’m always interested in new solutions

tguvot

14 hours ago

https://github.com/garethgeorge/backrest going nicely with restic

i do miss functionality of configurable full/incremental backups like in duplicity

kam

14 hours ago

What do you miss about it? In restic, every snapshot has the speed and size of an incremental backup, but the functionality of a full backup.

tguvot

12 hours ago

sometimes you just must have a new full backup every N days/weeks. it a more "smooth" way to deal with potential corruption in repo that might be undetected (without dealing with all suggested workarounds) and in some cases compliance/certification requires it

Jnr

11 hours ago

Backrest is great. It makes it very easy to configure restic backups and do the restores.

slig

13 hours ago

What's the best way to backup a managed Postgres from DO to another cloud?

fmajid

13 hours ago

Not sure what DO managed PostgreSQL supports, but PostgreSQL streaming replication would seem like the natural way to go.

slig

12 hours ago

They don't support that, forgot to clarify that in my comment. Thanks!

lossolo

10 hours ago

Pruning takes forever in Restic, which is why we migrated away from it.

Sakos

10 hours ago

What did you migrate to?

cvalka

12 hours ago

Rustic is better